Offshore Software Development Services

Insights
Table Of Content
Offshore Software Development: Unlocking Global Talent for Your Projects
What Exactly Is Offshore Software Development?
Common Offshore Engagement Models
Pricing Overview: Transparent and Scalable
Key Benefits of Offshore Software Development
The Key Scenarios for Leveraging Offshore Software Development Services
Country Selection and Rates in Offshore Software Development
Why Partner with an Offshore Team in Vietnam?
Choosing a Reliable Offshore Software Development Partner
How We Ensure Seamless Offshore Collaboration
Offshore vs. Nearshore: Which is Right For You?
S3Corp: Your Top Offshore Development Partner
Conclusion
Frequently Asked Questions
Offshore Software Development Services: Your Comprehensive Guide
Unlock significant cost savings and access a global talent pool with comprehensive offshore software development services. From custom app development to dedicated teams, learn how partnering with an offshore vendor like S3Corp in Vietnam can give your business a powerful competitive advantage.
29 Sep 2023
Offshore Software Development: Unlocking Global Talent for Your Projects
As business is always changing, especially with the involvement of technology, this rapid change can be more challenging for businesses of all sizes. You must innovate quicker, construct smarter, and scale more effectively. But what will happen when your local talent market dries up, your budget for development is constrained, and your backlog of projects is increasing? It feels like you're trying to win a Formula 1 race with a family sedan. You are trying to have a vision but are missing a high performing engine to realize it.
In this case, the value of a strategic partnership is clear. The focus for hundreds of global companies is no longer simply hiring more staff but rather redefining team composition, and doing so without the constraints of geography. What we are trying to mention here is offshore software development services.
This strategy will help you lower your costs by up to 50%, gain access to premier software engineering talent, and accelerate your digital transformation with our complete offshore development packages.
This article covers the details of offshore software development services and all of benefits of offshore software development.
What Exactly Is Offshore Software Development?
Offshore software development is a strategic decision that involves delegating software development tasks to companies located in various time zones. But, offshore software development isn’t simply about hiring a cheaper software developer on the other side of the globe. It is a strategic business collaboration.
This approach enables businesses to work with dedicated teams anywhere in the world and overcome the constraints of capabilities. Whether you are a Western European business collaborating with a South Asian software development team, offshore development will open up a myriad of doors to success.
This collaboration is designed to support the overarching engineering goals of the business. Partner companies are responsible for delivery, resource infrastructure, and project organization. Your business provides the vision and the goals.
Together, you form a cohesive, integrated team with a single focus: developing outstanding software. This partnership may take different forms, such as augmenting your existing team with certain skills, or completely outsourcing a project from the initial stages to launch and ongoing maintenance. It’s a well-planned strategy to tap into international skill sets, optimize costs, and reach strategic objectives that a purely local team may not help achieve. It’s about building a bridge, not just passing instructions across the ocean.
Businesses typically outsource tasks such as:
- Web and mobile application development
- Software testing and maintenance
- UI/UX design and product prototyping
- Cloud migration and DevOps services
- Data analytics and integration
At S3Corp., we provide these services with flexibility, focusing on transparency to guarantee predictable results and a quantifiable ROI. Each project is guided by a commitment to quality and a deep understanding of your business goals.
Common Offshore Engagement Models
Offshore projects can follow several engagement models depending on your goals and budget.
- Dedicated Team Model – You hire a team that works exclusively on your project. This setup gives flexibility and long-term collaboration.
- Project-Based Model – You define a project scope, and the vendor delivers it end-to-end. It suits short-term or well-defined tasks.
- Offshore Development Center (ODC) – A full extension of your in-house department located abroad. Ideal for continuous development and scaling.
Each model supports different needs. For deeper insight, visit our guide on Offshore Software Models.
Pricing Overview: Transparent and Scalable
Transparency is the cornerstone of trust. In offshore software development, hidden fees and unclear cost structures can easily derail budgets and cause frustration. That’s why S3Corp follows a straightforward pricing approach — flexible, transparent, and directly aligned with business value.
Below is a simple breakdown of typical engagement ranges:
Engagement Type |
Typical Range |
Notes |
Dedicated Developer |
From $2,500/month |
Full-time, long-term engagement |
Project-Based |
From $25/hour |
Best for short-term or fixed-scope projects |
Offshore Development Center |
From $10,000/month |
Fully managed offshore branch setup |
Your total investment depends on team size, technical expertise, and project duration. But at its core, the structure remains adaptable, allowing you to scale up or down as your business evolves.
As a business leader, you should choose the most suitable model for your project. Why? Because selecting the right engagement model does more than determine cost — it shapes how your teams communicate, innovate, and deliver results. When expectations are clear, teams perform better, decisions are faster, and quality stays consistent.
In the competitive landscape, clarity is not just good practice; it’s a competitive advantage. Businesses that understand the engagement models early can avoid unnecessary rework, missed deadlines, and cultural mismatches.
A successful offshore partnership is built on three pillars: alignment, transparency, and trust. When these elements come together — supported by a well-chosen engagement model — the outcome isn’t just software delivery, but sustainable business growth.
Key Benefits of Offshore Software Development
Significant Cost Reduction
This is often the entry point for the conversation, and for good reason—the impact is undeniable. But the term "cost reduction" is more nuanced than just lower hourly rates. It’s about a dramatic improvement in your overall Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
Imagine you’re a startup in New York or London. The fully-loaded cost of a senior software engineer—including salary, benefits, taxes, office space, and equipment—can easily soar past $200,000 per year. Recruiting that engineer can take months and cost tens of thousands in agency fees.
Now, consider an offshore partnership in a tech hub like Ho Chi Minh City. You gain access to an engineer with the same level of expertise and skill, but the fully-loaded cost can be 40-60% lower. This isn't because the talent is "cheaper" in quality; it's a reflection of the different costs of living and local market dynamics. Those savings are transformative. They translate directly into:
- A longer runway for startups to innovate and find product-market fit.
- The ability to hire two or three engineers for the price of one locally.
- Reallocating funds to other critical areas like marketing, sales, or customer support.
- Eliminating overhead associated with recruitment, office management, and local compliance.
So, it's not just about spending less; it's about achieving more with every dollar you invest.
Access to a Global Talent Pool
Are you struggling to find a developer with expertise in Rust or Golang? Or a data scientist who truly understands machine learning model deployment? The skills gap is real. In many Western markets, the demand for specialized tech talent far outstrips the supply, leading to fierce competition and inflated costs.
Offshoring shatters these geographical limitations. Suddenly, your talent pool isn't your city or your country; it’s the entire world.
Countries like Vietnam have made massive investments in STEM education, producing a vibrant, growing, and ambitious generation of software engineers, QA specialists, and DevOps experts. They bring fresh perspectives, diverse problem-solving approaches, and expertise in cutting-edge technologies. When you partner with an offshore software development company, you're not just hiring individuals; you're tapping into an entire ecosystem of innovation. You can find the exact niche skill set you need without compromise.
Faster Time-to-Market
In the digital economy, speed is a currency. Being the first to launch a new feature or enter a new market can be the difference between success and failure. Offshore development is a powerful accelerator.
How? By enabling parallel workflows. While your in-house team focuses on core product strategy, roadmap planning, or customer research, your offshore team can be deep in the trenches, building, testing, and deploying.
Scalability and Flexibility
Business is always changing. So, you might need to rapidly scale up your development team to meet a project deadline, and then scale back down once the product is launched. In a traditional engagement model, this is a nightmare of hiring, onboarding, and painful layoffs.
Offshore software development services offer a beautifully flexible solution.
- Need to build an MVP quickly? We can assemble a small, agile team of 3-5 experts to get you started.
- Ready to add new feature sets? We can add more developers, QA testers, or a DevOps specialist to the team within weeks, not months.
- Project entering maintenance mode? We can scale the team down to a core support group without any HR friction on your end.
With that said, this agility allows you to perfectly match your development capacity to your real-time business needs, ensuring you’re never overstaffed or under-resourced. It’s the ultimate operational advantage.
For a deeper analysis of advantages and potential challenges, read our full guide on the Pros and Cons of Offshore Development.
The Key Scenarios for Leveraging Offshore Software Development Services
So far, we have discussed on definition of offshore software, its pros and cons and other stuffs. But, when do you really need to leverage this strategic collaboration?
Several crucial scenarios show that offshore development is the best option for your software projects
Filling the Talent Gap
Finding top-tier local developers might be challenging in the highly competitive tech industry. Many companies struggle to locate full-time staff with the necessary expertise. Offshore software partners successfully close this gap by providing access to a global talent pool.
Handling Specialized Roles
Project managers, quality assurance engineers, or custom software developers are just a few examples of the highly specialized positions that are necessary for some projects. Offshore teams are well-equipped to deliver these skills quickly, assuring the success of your project.
Dealing with Complexity
Complex projects have significant technological needs. Offshore software development companies have the expertise to handle complex tech stacks and challenging development procedures.
Meeting Tight Deadlines
The key to success in today's competitive business environment is frequently timely delivery. Offshore teams prioritize flexibility and scalability, enabling quick responses to project needs and streamlining project management to keep your software development projects on schedule.
Expert Support and Consulting
Beyond the specifics of a project, offshore partners offer valuable insight, advice, and assistance. They have a thorough awareness of international laws and regulations, which improves compliance and governance. On a larger scale, they can be incredibly helpful consultants.
Cost-effectiveness
Offshore development helps companies optimize operations without incurring the costs of in-house personnel. It is a wise alternative for companies of all sizes because it is a cost-effective option without sacrificing quality.
Flexibility and Efficiency
Offshore development services give you flexibility, enabling you to quickly adjust to changing business needs. This streamlines the in-house workload, allowing resources to focus on core business processes.
Rapid Project Launch and Core Business Focus
Utilizing time zone variations, offshore development teams accelerate project launches by working around the clock. They also give your in-house employees the chance to focus on their strengths.
Overcoming Resources and Industry Expertise
By addressing resource shortages, offshore outsourcing enables your company to take on challenging projects successfully. Leading offshore development companies have experienced teams with vast industry knowledge.
Country Selection and Rates in Offshore Software Development
Now, let’s move on with question: which countries is best for offshore software development? This question arises because selecting the right offshore software development destination is one of the most critical decisions for any business aiming to scale efficiently. The choice of country will influence not just cost you will spend but also the overall quality of the final product, project management dynamics, and long-term partnership potential.
As more companies increasingly turn to global teams to accelerate digital transformation, evaluating locations through a strategic lens—balancing technical expertise, communication, and pricing—has become more essential than ever.
So, the most sought-after destinations worldwide are Vietnam, India, the Philippines. Each of these regions has cultivated a strong ecosystem for technology outsourcing, supported by government initiatives, education in STEM fields, and robust infrastructure for IT operations. However, while all can deliver capable services, they differ significantly in their market characteristics, labor rates, communication styles, and business environments.
Comparative Overview
When comparing destinations, the selection depends on a company’s priorities—whether cost, technical depth, communication ease, or geographic proximity.
Region |
Strengths |
Average Hourly Rate |
Ideal Use Case |
Vietnam |
Skilled, affordable, reliable workforce; strong government support |
$20–$40 |
Full-cycle development, long-term partnerships |
India |
Large talent pool, mature market, broad expertise |
$25–$50 |
Scalable enterprise systems, legacy support |
Philippines |
Excellent communication, strong BPO background |
$25–$45 |
Customer-facing and support-heavy projects |
Vietnam currently stands out for its balance of affordability, skill, and cultural alignment. The combination of modern infrastructure, well-trained developers, and a rapidly growing technology ecosystem allows it to compete with more mature markets while maintaining cost advantages.
Explore a comparison of top destinations in our article on Best Offshore Software Development Countries.
Why Partner with an Offshore Team in Vietnam?
For years, the outsourcing conversation was dominated by countries like India and China. But in the last decade, a new leader has emerged as a top-tier destination for tech talent: Vietnam. So, why are global companies turning to Vietnam?
The answer is a powerful combination of talent, cost-effectiveness, and stability. Vietnam has a young, tech-savvy population of nearly 100 million people, with a strong emphasis on STEM education from a young age. The government has made the tech industry a national priority, fostering a supportive ecosystem for innovation and growth.
The result? A deep pool of highly skilled, English-speaking software engineers who are not only technically proficient but also possess a remarkable work ethic and a collaborative, problem-solving mindset. They are eager to learn, adapt, and work with the latest technologies.
Furthermore, Vietnam offers a stable political and economic environment, making it a reliable, low-risk location for long-term investment. The cultural alignment is also a significant factor. Vietnamese professionals are known for being diligent, respectful, and highly adaptable, making collaboration with Western businesses smooth and productive. When you combine this incredible talent and work ethic with a highly competitive cost structure, you get an unbeatable value proposition. It’s no wonder Vietnam is consistently ranked as a top global outsourcing destination.
Learn more about our specific expertise and advantages with Vietnam Offshore Software Development.
Choosing a Reliable Offshore Software Development Partner
Let’s be honest — not all offshore vendors are created equal.
Choosing an offshore partner is one of the most important decisions you'll make. The right partner can feel like a superpower; the wrong one can lead to missed deadlines, bloated budgets, and endless frustration. How do you tell the difference? Look beyond the sales pitch and evaluate them on these five critical criteria.
Here are the top 5 key criteria for selecting your offshore vendor.
Technical Expertise & Portfolio
Don't just look at a list of technologies on their website. Dig deeper. Ask to see their portfolio of work. Better yet, ask for a detailed case study of a project similar to yours. A great offshore vendor will be proud to walk you through the challenges they faced, the solutions they implemented, and the business results they achieved for their client. At S3Corp, you can explore our real-world success stories right here on our case studies page.
Communication & Cultural Fit
This is the most important one. Before you sign anything, have a real conversation with the project manager and team lead who would be assigned to your project. Are they asking insightful questions? Do they challenge your assumptions in a constructive way? Do they seem genuinely interested in your business goals? A good partner doesn't just take orders; they collaborate. You're looking for a team that feels like an extension of your own.
Security & Data Protection Policies
Security is non-negotiable for any projects. Your intellectual property and customer data are your most valuable assets. Ask your potential partner about their security protocols. Do they have certifications like ISO 27001? Do they enforce strict NDAs with all employees? What are their secure coding practices? A mature offshore company will have clear, robust policies and will be happy to share them with you.
Development Process & Transparency
Ask them to walk you through their end-to-end development process. How do they handle sprint planning? How do they manage code reviews? What does their QA process look like? How often will you receive progress reports? If their answers are vague or overly complex, it's a red flag. You want a partner with a well-defined, transparent, and agile process that gives you constant visibility.
Client References & Case Studies
A confident and capable company will be more than happy for you to speak with one of their current clients. An unbiased, third-party testimonial is worth a thousand marketing brochures. Ask the reference about the partner's strengths, weaknesses, communication style, and overall reliability. Their unfiltered feedback will be invaluable in your decision-making.
For a comprehensive checklist, read our essential Tips for Choosing an Offshore Software Development Company.
How We Ensure Seamless Offshore Collaboration
We know the biggest fear when it comes to offshoring: "Will the communication be a nightmare? Will I be left in the dark?" These are valid concerns, and we've built our entire collaboration framework to address them head-on.
Success in an offshore partnership isn't about technology; it's about process and people. Here are the top 5 essential steps for success in offshore software development.
Clear Goal Definition
The first stage is to precisely identify the goals of your project. Clearly describe your goals and the results you are looking for. This clarity establishes the framework for a customized technology solution. Whether you are creating a new software product, updating an existing one, or streamlining company procedures, be clear about what you want to accomplish.
Prioritizing strategically
It is crucial to establish your development priorities. Consider the immediate and long-term needs of your customers and your business. Make a road map that identifies which elements of your project should come first. Effective prioritization enables you to direct resources and efforts to the most important areas, ensuring that your project is in line with your company's goals.
Cultivating Your Vision
An organized plan allows you to advance your project and speed up the development process. Make your project concept engaging and complete by going beyond wireframes and descriptions. The more specifically you can describe your idea, the easier it will be for your offshore software development team to transform it into reality.
Tech Stack Assessment
A crucial stage is assessing the technology stacks and expertise needed. Think about the technical components of your project, such as the frameworks, tools, and programming languages. Determine the degree of skill required as well. Assess the need for specific talents for your project while balancing other criteria like team size and project budget. At this point, making the right decision could have an enormous impact on the project's success.
Detailed Documentation
This documentation contributes to the project's overall success by increasing transparency, reducing misconceptions, and streamlining the development process. It acts as a point of reference for the entire project, making sure that all parties involved are on the same page. To properly record the project's requirements, specifications, and milestones, work closely with your offshore team.
At S3Corp, we follow of the Agile/Scrum methodology. This isn't just a buzzword for us; it's the rhythm of our daily work. Your project will be organized into two-week sprints, each with a clear set of goals. We hold daily stand-up meetings (via video conference, of course) to discuss progress, identify blockers, and ensure everyone is aligned.
Get our expert tips and best practices for effective communication and collaboration in our guide: How to Collaborate Well with an Offshore Team.
Offshore vs. Nearshore: Which is Right For You?
As you explore outsourcing, you'll encounter two main terms: offshore and nearshore. The distinction is simple: geography.
- Nearshore development involves partnering with a company in a neighboring country or one with a similar time zone (e.g., a U.S. company partnering with a team in Mexico).
- Offshore development involves partnering with a company in a more distant country, often with a significant time zone difference (e.g., a U.S. company partnering with our team in Vietnam).
The primary advantage of nearshoring is time zone alignment, which allows for more real-time, synchronous collaboration during your workday. However, this benefit often comes at a significantly higher cost compared to offshore destinations, and the talent pool may be more limited.
Offshore, particularly in a hub like Vietnam, offers the absolute best value in terms of cost savings and access to a vast, diverse talent pool. While managing time zones requires a structured communication plan (something we excel at), the benefits in budget optimization and talent acquisition are often overwhelming. For businesses where, maximizing value and accessing specialized skills are the top priorities, offshore is the clear winner.
Dive deeper into the comparison in our detailed analysis: Nearshore vs. Offshore Software Development.S3Corp: Your Top Offshore Development Partner
Established in 2007, S3Corp. is a top offshore software development services company in Vietnam. With over 16 years of experience, we are experts at delivering high-quality, cutting-edge software solutions that transform your ideas into practical solutions. As a top offshore software development company, we are qualified to help you establish and carry out your projects following the particular requirements. Our goal is to enable your company and internal team to grow faster. Here are the benefits when choosing S3Corp. as your offshore development partner
Access to a Large Pool of Tech Talent
With the help of our offshore development services, you can tap into a large talent pool of software developers. This pool flawlessly enhances your internal team, increasing your talents and expertise.
Customized High-Quality Solutions
Our offshore development methodology ensures the production of high-quality, customized software solutions. It will help you streamline your workloads, shorten development cycles, and greatly accelerate time-to-market. Hence, it provides you with a competitive advantage.
Various Specialized Services
We offer a wide range of services, including Project-Based Outsourcing, Delivery Teams, and Staff Augmentation. This enables quick access to teams with specific expertise in web application development, mobile app development, quality assurance, IT management, and other areas.
Effective Problem-Solving
By seamlessly integrating top talent with your in-house workforce, we help you overcome obstacles. This strategy offers quick fixes for difficult-to-fill or temporary positions, ensuring that your software development projects continue on course and adhere to your schedules.
Comprehensive Offshore Development Services at S3Corp
At S3Corp, we aren't just a body shop for coders. We are a full-cycle software development partner, offering a suite of services designed to take your idea from a whiteboard sketch to a fully functional, scalable product. Our expertise covers the entire software development lifecycle.
Custom Software Development
Off-the-shelf solutions can only take you so far. Your business is unique, and sometimes you need a tool that is perfectly tailored to your processes, your customers, and your vision. Our custom software development service is about building your competitive advantage from the ground up. We work with you to understand your challenges and design, build, and deploy robust, scalable, and secure software that solves real-world problems. From enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to specialized industry platforms, we build the engine that drives your business.
Web & Mobile App Development
Your web and mobile applications are often the first—and most important—touchpoint you have with your customers. They need to be more than just functional; they need to be fast, intuitive, and engaging. Our teams are fluent in the full spectrum of modern technologies, from front-end frameworks like React and Angular to back-end languages like .NET, Golang, Java, and Node.js. Whether you need a responsive web portal, a native iOS/Android app, or a cross-platform solution, we deliver digital experiences that delight users and drive conversions.
DevOps & Cloud Services
A modern DevOps culture is the key to velocity and reliability. Our DevOps experts help you automate your entire pipeline, from continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) to infrastructure-as-code and cloud management. We are proficient in major cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, helping you build a resilient, scalable, and cost-efficient infrastructure that supports your growth.
QA & Testing
A single critical bug can erode user trust and damage your brand reputation. That’s why we believe quality assurance isn't a final step; it's a continuous process woven into every stage of development. Our dedicated QA and testing services are a promise of quality. We have a mix of manual and automated testing strategies to cover everything from functional and performance testing to security and usability testing. We hunt down bugs with ruthless efficiency so your users never have to.
Conclusion
In conclusion, offshore software development services has emerged as a key strategy in the area of global business, providing access to a large talent pool, cost-effective solutions, and rapid project delivery. Offshore development teams have become a great choice for bridging talent gaps, taking on specialized roles, managing complex projects, meeting tight deadlines, and providing expert advice. A successful partnership also depends on factors like project management, pricing, technical competence, security procedures, transparency, and contractual obligations when looking at offshore software destinations and potential collaborators. Offshore software development continues to be a valuable resource for companies looking to succeed in the global marketplace.
Ready to Harness the Power of Offshore Development?
At S3Corp, we don't just build software. We build trust. We build partnerships. We build the technology that allows your business to thrive. Let us show you how a dedicated team in Vietnam can become your most powerful competitive advantage.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I choose an offshore development partner wisely?
The success of your project depends on choosing the correct offshore development partner. Make sure your outsourcing partner can demonstrate competence in frameworks and technology stacks suited to the particular requirements of your project. The most significant points for consideration are a comprehensive business continuity strategy, reliable data protection, and security protocols, and a commitment to transparency when handling project data.
Which engagement approach is most suitable for my project?
Choosing an appropriate collaboration model will depend on the size, scope, and duration of your project. Time-and-materials contracts are suitable for medium-sized projects with unclear scopes, while fixed pricing is best for small, clearly defined tasks. Long-term projects that require continuing comprehension utilize the efforts of committed development teams.
What is the difference between onshore, nearshore, and offshore software development?
Onshore development maintains focus on the local or regional level, which may lead to even higher costs. Nearshore software development strikes a balance between being close and being cost-effective. It often works with partners in nearby areas. On the other hand, offshore development spreads a more extensive global net and enables access to a larger talent pool. However, there should be careful management of time zone differences. Making a well-informed decision that fits the specific requirements and objectives of your project requires an understanding of these distinctions.
What standards should I apply to judge a potential offshore development partner?
Examine the project management skills, pricing possibilities, adherence to security requirements, effective business continuity plans, and thoroughness of contractual duties while selecting your offshore development partner. A reliable partner will provide a selection of contract options at cost-effective prices.
How do you handle the time zone differences?
We turn the time zone difference into an advantage through a "follow-the-sun" model. Our teams work on a schedule that ensures several hours of overlap with your business day for real-time collaboration, meetings, and stand-ups. Then, while you're sleeping, we continue to develop and test. This means progress is often made 24/7, significantly accelerating the project timeline. We establish a clear communication protocol from day one.
What about intellectual property (IP) protection?
Your IP is 100% yours, always. We take this extremely seriously. Our client contracts have robust IP clauses that explicitly state all work product belongs to you. We enforce strict Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) with all our employees, and our facilities and networks are secured according to ISO 27001 standards to prevent any unauthorized access.
How do I get started with an offshore team?
The process is simple. It starts with a conversation. You contact us with your project idea or staffing needs. We'll hold a discovery call to understand your goals, technical requirements, and business objectives. From there, we'll propose a tailored solution, including a suggested team composition and engagement model. We then select the best-fit engineers from our talent pool for you to interview and approve. Once you give the green light, we handle all the logistics and kick off the project.
What is the typical team composition?
A typical agile team consists of 3-7 members, but it's fully customizable to your needs. A standard setup might include a Project Manager/Scrum Master, several Software Engineers (with a mix of front-end and back-end skills), and a QA Engineer. For larger projects, we can add specialists like a DevOps Engineer, a UI/UX Designer, or a Business Analyst.
How do you ensure code quality?
Quality is ingrained in our process. We enforce best practices like mandatory code reviews, where every piece of code is checked by at least one other engineer before being merged. We utilize static code analysis tools to catch potential issues early, maintain a high level of unit test coverage, and have dedicated QA engineers who perform rigorous testing throughout each sprint.